What is Radiotherapy?

Radiotherapy, also known as radiation therapy, is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. The rays damage the DNA within the cancer cells, preventing them from dividing and growing. Radiotherapy is a local treatment, meaning it only affects the area being treated and has minimal impact on the rest of the body.

Indications for Radiotherapy in Breast Cancer

Radiotherapy is commonly used as a treatment for breast cancer, either as adjuvant therapy (following surgery) or as a primary treatment for advanced cases when surgery is not possible.

However, Not every patient will get radiational therapy. If you undergo breast conservation therapy you are more likely to get breast radiation as a part of your treatment.

If you had a large tumour, to begin with, or your breast cancer has spread to lymph nodes at the time of diagnosis you will be offered radiotherapy in addition to chemotherapy and hormonal therapy

Complications of Radiotherapy to the Breast

Radiotherapy to the breast can cause side effects, which can vary from person to person and depend on several factors, including the dose of radiation and the length of treatment. Common side effects of radiotherapy to the breast include:

• Skin irritation: The skin in the treated area may become red, dry, and itchy.
• Fatigue: Some people may feel tired during radiotherapy, especially towards the end of treatment.
• Breast changes: The breast may become smaller, firmer, and less sensitive. In some cases, the shape of the breast may change.
• Heart and lung problems: In rare cases, radiotherapy to the left breast can affect the heart or lungs, leading to long-term problems.

It’s important to note that not everyone experiences side effects from radiotherapy, and that most side effects are temporary and will go away after treatment has finished. Your doctor or radiation therapist can provide more information on the specific side effects that may occur with radiotherapy for breast cancer.

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Medically Reviewed By. Dr D H Buddhika Ubayawansa  (MBBS,MD(surgery) MRCS ( Edin) ) Consultant oncological surgeon